{"id":6221,"date":"2025-07-17T02:43:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T02:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heatresistantfabric.com\/?p=6221"},"modified":"2025-07-17T02:44:06","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T02:44:06","slug":"permanent-chemicals-pfas-new-enemy-a-new-catalyst-breaks-the-strongest-carbon-fluorine-bonds-at-room-temperature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/heatresistantfabric.com\/vn\/permanent-chemicals-pfas-new-enemy-a-new-catalyst-breaks-the-strongest-carbon-fluorine-bonds-at-room-temperature\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u0129nh c\u1eedu: K\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a PFAS: M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c m\u1edbi ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft Carbon-Flo m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 7, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 NeoWin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean blog \u0111\u01b0a tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Goethe Frankfurt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t per- v\u00e0 polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, V\u1ea3i s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh ph\u1ee7 PTFE<\/a> l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 LNG. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Suntex. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a PFAS. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn hy v\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 PFAS. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ch\u00fac m\u1eebng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 khen ng\u1ee3i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PFAS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc cao. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u1ea3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PFAS kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t danh l\u00e0 "h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u0129nh c\u1eedu". Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a PFAS ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do li\u00ean k\u1ebft cacbon-flo (CF), m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1ch kim hay iridi. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed1c boron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraanthracene (DBA). Khi hai electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o DBA, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed PFAS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m fluorobenzene ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed flo trong dung m\u00f4i THF (tetrahydrofuran).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo hai c\u00e1ch: khi c\u00f3 \u00edt nguy\u00ean t\u1eed flo h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed \u00e1i nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c bo, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 cacbon-halogen (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, clo) th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3u SNAr; khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed flo h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed, cung c\u1ea5p electron v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Christoph Buch n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: "\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft CF, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n electron, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n electron v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c cao. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 lithium l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n electron, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n."<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd PFAS. Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a flo \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Matthias Wagner gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c n\u00e0y, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 flo h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n